Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)

The Maldives National Journal of Research

A double-blind refereed journal of the Maldives National University
(c) The Maldives National Journal of Research (Print version: ISSN 2308-5959).

FOUNDING EDITOR
Dr. Hassan Hameed, Former Chancellor, MNU

EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
Dr. Aishath Shehenaz Adam, MNU
Dr. Raheema Abdul Raheem, MNU

EDITORS
Dr. Aminath Riyaz, MNU 
Dr. Mariyam Shahuneeza Naseer, MNU

MNJR EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Aminath Shafiya Adam, MNU
Dr. Barbara Adams, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA 
Ms. Ashia Leela Ahmed, MNU
Professor Wilfredo V Alangui, University of the Philippines, Philippines
Professor Maria Cecillia Fantinato, Fluminense Federal University, Brazil 
Dr. Shazla Mohamed, MNU
Dr. Fazeel Najeeb, MNU
Dr. Abdulla Nazeer, MNU
Dr. Yoosuf Nizam, MNU
Associate Professor Sandra Trotman, Nova South Eastern University, Florida, USA 

REVIEWERS OF THIS ISSUE
Dr. Aishath Niyaf, Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, MNU
Ms. Asiya Abdul Raheem, Senior Dietitian, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital 
Mr. Ahmed Mirshan,  Director, Human Resources, MNU
Uz. Ibrahim Rasheed, Counsel General, Civil Service Commission of the Maldives
Mr. Ahmed Shathir, Senior Lecturer, MNU Business School  
Ms. Mariyam Noordeen, President, Chefs Guild of Maldives
Ms. Nadhiya Abdulla, Research Associate, MNU
Mr. Ahmed Farouq, Assistant General Manager, Agro National Corporation Limited

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Ms. Aminath Habiyya, Senior Administrative Officer, MNU

Research Development Office
The Maldives National University
Radhdhebai Hin’gun, Machchangolhi,
Male’, Maldives. 
Fax: +(960) 3344091, Phone: +(960) 3345405
Email: mnjr@mnu.edu.mv