Keywords
Glycemic Control
HbA1c
Fasting Blood Sugar
Maldives
How to Cite
Abstract
Diabetes has now become increasingly prevalent worldwide, with South Asians at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Maldives itself has a recorded prevalence of diabetes at 6.7% in 2021. Given the increasing morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes-related complications, there is a critical need for improved glycemic control strategies. This study aimed to determine the status of glycemic control and identify key factors influencing the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting to Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital (IGMH). This, hospital-based retrospective cohort study included 440 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented to IGMH, between 01st January to 31st December 2024. Data on all the variables considered in the study were obtained through direct patient interviews using a structured questionnaire and hospital medical records by employing a census sampling method. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM® SPSS® version 30.0. The Chi-square test of independence was used to assess associations between variables and glycemic control, followed by logistic regression models for further analysis. Poor glycemic control, defined as HbA1c >7% or FBS >130 mg/dL, was observed in 51% of patients based on FBS and in 22% based on HbA1c. The findings of the study showed that, there was a strong association between poor glycemic control and non-adherence to diet [OR=3.16, p<0.001, CI:1.66-6.01], exercise [OR=1.85, p=0.006, CI:1.20-2.85], long duration of illness [OR=1.99, p=0.003, CI:1.26-3.15], combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin [OR=23.22, p<0.001, CI:8.34-64.63] and compliance to treatment [OR=3.03, p<0.001, CI:1.62-5.65]. These results highlighted the importance of compliance to treatment, lifestyle modifications, and early intervention in managing glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients presenting to IGMH. Addressing these factors, therefore, could lead to improved disease management and better long-term health outcomes.
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