Keywords
Cardiac rehabilitation
Health education
Cardiac care
How to Cite
Abstract
Coronary angioplasty has been performed widely all over the world and is effective in reducing complications and shortening the length of hospital stay. Post-angioplasty patients undergo both positive and negative experiences in the early recovery period, which significantly affects their overall well-being. However, little is known about patients’ post-angioplasty experiences in the Maldivian context. Therefore, this research study aimed to explore post-angioplasty patients’ experiences related to changes in their lives within two to six weeks after angioplasty from the National Cardiac Centre NCC of Maldives. Using a qualitative phenomenological study design, a purposive sample of six patients who were within two to six weeks after coronary angioplasty participated in individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed by using the Colaizzi (1978) process of data analysis. Six themes emerged from the analysis, which reflects the recovery experiences of patients after angioplasty. Themes included support from family and co-workers, seeking self-control and attempting to adjust to the current situation, adapting to lifestyle changes for a better quality of living, looking for specific information, fear of resuming physical activities, and feeling vulnerable/traumatized after angioplasty. The study’s findings provided insight into the recovery period after angioplasty, unveiling unique knowledge related to patients’ experience during the early post-angioplasty period and will subsequently help nurses and other healthcare professionals plan more patient-centered care to produce better patient outcomes.
References
Aazami, S., Jaafarpour, M., & Mozafari, M. (2016). Exploring expectations and needs of patients undergoing angioplasty. Journal of Vascular Nursing, 34(3), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2016.04.003
Astin, F. (2017). Do patients take angioplasty seriously? European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 10–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515117737767
Astin, F., Closs, S. J., McLenachan, J., Hunter, S., & Priestley, C. (2009). Primary angioplasty for heart attack: mismatch between expectations and reality? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(1), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2648.2008.04836.x
Astin, F., Closs, S. J., Yusuf, R., & Keenan, C. (2014). Understanding angioplasty: An evaluation of a person-centred educational resource. British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, 9(7), 345–350. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjca.2014.9.7.345
Astin, F., Horrocks, J., & Closs, S. J. (2014). Managing lifestyle change to reduce coronary risk: A synthesis of qualitative research on peoples’ experiences. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2261-14-96
Astin, F., Jones, K., & Thompson, D. R. (2005). Prevalence and patterns of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Heart & Lung, 34(6), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. hrtlng.2005.05.002
Bhattacharyya, M., Stevenson, F., & Walters, K. (2016). Exploration of the psychological impact and adaptation to cardiac events in South Asians in the UK: A qualitative study. BMJ Open, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2015-010195
Charlson, M. E., Allegrante, J. P., McKinley, P. S., Peterson, J. C., Boutin-Foster, C., Ogedegbe, G., & Young, C. R. (2002). Improving health behaviors and outcomes after angioplasty: using economic theory to inform intervention. Health Educ Res, 17(5), 606–618. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/17.5.606
Corones, K., Coyer, M, F., & Theobald, A, K. (2009). Exploring the information needs of patients who have undergone PCI. British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, 4(3), 123–130.
Dehdari, T., Heidarnia, A., Ramezankhani, A., Sadeghian, S., & Ghorfranipour, F. (2008). Anxiety , Self Efficacy Expectation and Social Support in Patients after Coronary Angioplasty and Coronary Bypass. Health (San Francisco), 37(4), 119–125.
Dullaghan, L., Lusk, L., McGeough, M., Donnelly, P., Herity, N., & Fitzsimons, D. (2014). “I am still a bit unsure how much of a heart attack it really was!” Patients presenting with non ST elevation myocardial infarction lack understanding about their illness and have less motivation for secondary prevention. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing : Journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology, 13(3), 270–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515113491649
Dyakova, M., Shantikumar, S., Colquitt, J. L., Drew, C. M., Sime, M., MacIver, J., Wright, N., Clarke, A., & Rees, K. (2016). Systematic versus opportunistic risk assessment for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010411.pub2.www. cochranelibrary.com
Grove, S. K., Burns, N., & Gray, J. (2013). The practice of nursing research : appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence. Elsevier/Saunders.
Hasankhani, H., Gholizadeh, L., Mohammadi, E., Zamanzadeh, V., Allahbakhshian, A., Ghaffari, S., & Allahbakhshian, M. (2014a). The lived experiences of patients post coronary angioplasty: a qualitative study. Journal of Vascular Nursing : Official Publication of the Society for Peripheral Vascular Nursing, 32(4), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2014.04.001
Hasankhani, H., Gholizadeh, L., Mohammadi, E., Zamanzadeh, V., Allahbakhshian, A., Ghaffari, S., & Allahbakhshian, M. (2014b). The lived experiences of patients post coronary angioplasty: A qualitative study. Journal of Vascular Nursing, 32(4), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2014.04.001
Hasankhani, H., Gholizadeh, L., Mohammadi, E., Zamanzadeh, V., Allahbakhshian, A., Ghaffari, S., & Allahbakhshian, M. (2014c). The lived experiences of patients post coronary angioplasty: A qualitative study. Journal of Vascular Nursing, 32(4), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2014.04.001
Higgins, M., Dunn, S., & Theobald, K. (2000). The patients’ perception of recovery after coronary angioplasty. Australian Critical Care, 13(3), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1036-7314(00)70629-1
IGMH Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Register. (2016). Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Register. Unpublished internal document.
IGMH Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Register. (2017). IGMH Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Register. Unpublished internal document.
Janey, Peterson, John, Allegrante, Paul, Pirraglia, L, R., Lane, Boschert, Charlson, & A. (2010). Living with heart disease after angioplasty: A qualitative study of patients who have been successful or unsuccessful in multiple behavior change. Heart & Lung, 39(2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.06.017.Living
Kalyani,Najafi, M., Illon,Raziyeh, K., Molazem, Z., & Jamshidi, N. (2014). Qualitative Inquiry into the Patients ’ Expectations regarding Nurses and Nursing Care. Advances in Nursing, 2014, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/647653
Kalyani, M. N., Sharif, F., Ahmadi, F., & Iman, M. T. (2013). Iranian patient’s expectations about coronary angiography: A qualitative study. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 18(3), 180–185. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23983751
Karatasakis, A., Iwnetu, R., Danek, B. A., Karmpaliotis, D., Alaswad, K., Jaffer, F. A., Yeh, R. W., Kandzari, D. E., Lembo, N. J., Patel, M., Mahmud, E., Lombardi, W. L., Wyman, R. M., Grantham, J. A., Doing, A. H., Toma, C., Choi, J. W., Uretsky, B. F., Moses, J. W., … Brilakis, E. S. (2017). The Impact of Age and Sex on In-Hospital Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Journal of Invasive Cardiology, 29(4), 116–122. http://www.invasivecardiology.com/articles/impact-age-and-sex-hospital-outcomes-chronic-total-occlusion-percutaneous-coronary
Khera, S., Kolte, D., & Bhatt, D. L. (2015). Chapter 16. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Translational Research in Coronary Artery Disease. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802385-3.00016-4
Kilonzo, B., & O’Connell, R. (2011). Secondary prevention and learning needs post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): Perspectives of both patients and nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(7–8), 1160–1167. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03601.x
Kim, D.-H., Ghaffari, R., Lu, N., Wang, S., Lee, S. P., Keum, H., D’Angelo, R., Klinker, L., Su, Y., Lu, C., Kim, Y.-S., Ameen, A., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., de Graff, B., Hsu, Y.-Y., Liu, Z., Ruskin, J., Xu, L., … Rogers, J. A. (2012). Electronic sensor and actuator webs for large-area complex geometry cardiac mapping and therapy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(49), 19910– 19915. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205923109
LoBiondo-Wood, & Haber, J. (2010). Nursing Research: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice (7th ed.). Mosby Elsevier.
Ministry of Health. (2016). Maldives Health Profile 2016. http://health.egov.mv/ publications/50_Maldives_Health_Profile_2016_D1 3rd May.pdf
Ministry of Health. (2020). Madlives Health Statistics 2020.
Moule, P., & Goodman, M. (2009). Nursing Research: An Introduction. Sage publication India Pvt Ltd.
Najafi Ghezeljeh, T., & Emami, A. (2014). Strategies for recreating normal life: Iranian coronary heart disease patients’ perspectives on coping strategies. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(15–16), 2151–2161. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jocn.12428
Peterson, J. C., Allegrante, J. P., Pirraglia, P. A., Robbins, L., Lane, K. P., Boschert, K. A., & Charlson, M. E. (2010). Living with heart disease after angioplasty: A qualitative study of patients who have been successful or unsuccessful in multiple behavior change. Heart and Lung: Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 39(2), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.06.017
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M.-T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., Graham, I., Hall, M. S., Hobbs, F. D. R., Løchen, M.-L., Löllgen, H., Marques-Vidal, P., Perk, J., Prescott, E., Redon, J., … Verschuren, W. M. M. (2016). 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. European Heart Journal, 37(29), 2315–2381. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Essentials of nursing research: appraising evidence for nursing practice (7th ed.). Wilkins., Lippincott Williams.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2018). Essetials of Nursing Research 7th Edition (9th ed., Vol. 53, Issue 9).
PSM. (n.d.). Cardiac Centre successfully performs over 100 procedures. Retrieved May 11, 2025, from https://psmnews.mv/en/16094
Sadeghzadeh, V. (2014). Secondary prevention and learning needs of patients undergoing angioplasty. Journal of Novel Applied Sciences, 3(2), 232–236.
Sekhri, T., Kanwar, R. S., Wilfred, R., Chugh, P., Chhillar, M., Aggarwal, R., Sharma, Y. K., Sethi, J., Sundriyal, J., Bhadra, K., Singh, S.,
Rautela, N., Chand, T., Singh, M., & Singh, S. K. (2014). Prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease in an urban Indian population. BMJ Open, 4(12), e005346. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005346
Skaggs, B., Yates, B., Hertzog, M., Barron, C., Norman, J., & Pozehl, B. (2007). Meaning in heart disease: measuring the search for meaning. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 15(2), 145-160 16p. https://doi.org/10.1891/106137407782156372
Snowden, P., Page, M., & Jackman, K. (2008). The experiences of patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a qualitative exploration. GradDip (Occ. Health)Critical Care Nursing) Nurse Educator, 6(4), 79–86. http://connectpublishing.org/assets/journals/6_4_5.pdf
Valaker, I., Norekvål, T. M., Råholm, M.-B., Nordrehaug, J. E., Rotevatn, S., & Fridlund, B. (2017). Continuity of care after percutaneous coronary intervention: The patient’s perspective across secondary and primary care settings. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 16(5), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515117690298
WHO. (2021). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
WHO. (2024). WHO methods and data sources for global burden of disease estimates 2000-2011.
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/GlobalDALYmethods_2000_2011.pdf?ua=1
World Health Organization [WHO]. (2014). GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 2014 on noncommunicable diseases. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/148114/1/9789241564854_eng.pdf?ua=1
Young, L., & Barnason, S. (2014). Older Patients ’ Perception and Experience with Lifestyle Changes Following Cardiac Revascularization. American Journal of Clinical Medicine, 30–38.